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<section id="locsat">
<span id="global-locsat"></span><h1>LOCSAT<a class="headerlink" href="#locsat" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Locator in SeisComP for computing source time and hypocenter
coordinates from phase picks.</p>
<section id="description">
<h2>Description<a class="headerlink" href="#description" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>LOCSAT is a locator with a travel-time interface in <cite>SeisComP</cite> for computing
source time and hypocenter coordinates from phase picks considering:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Pick time and pick uncertainty,</p></li>
<li><p>Backazimuth and backazimuth uncertainty,</p></li>
<li><p>Slowness and slowness uncertainty,</p></li>
<li><p>Phase-specfic travel-time tables.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The LOCSAT <a class="reference internal" href="#locsat-li"><span class="std std-ref">locator interface</span></a> implements a wrapper for the
LocSAT locator by <span id="id1">Bratt and Nagy [<a class="reference internal" href="../base/references.html#id21" title="S.R. Bratt and W. Nagy. The LocSAT Program. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), San Diego, 1991.">42</a>]</span> (according to the README file shipped
with the LocSAT distribution) referred to as <strong>LOCSAT</strong> in <cite>SeisComP</cite>. The LOCSAT
<a class="reference internal" href="#locsat-tti"><span class="std std-ref">travel-time interface</span></a> provides travel time for specfic
phases, epicentral distance, soure depth and station elevation.</p>
</section>
<section id="locator-interface">
<span id="locsat-li"></span><h2>Locator Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#locator-interface" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>LOCSAT provides the hypocenter parameters through the locator interface.</p>
</section>
<section id="travel-time-interface">
<span id="locsat-tti"></span><h2>Travel-Time Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#travel-time-interface" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>LOCSAT provides an interface for computing travel times based on coordinates and
depth. The times are plotted on waveforms, e.g., blue marks in
<a class="reference internal" href="scolv.html#scolv-sec-waveform-review"><span class="std std-ref">scolv picker window</span></a>.</p>
<p>Use “LOCSAT” as a value for the travel-time interface when configurable, e.g.,
by <a class="reference internal" href="global_fixedhypocenter.html#global-fixedhypocenter"><span class="std std-ref">FixedHypocenter</span></a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="travel-time-tables">
<span id="locsat-ttt"></span><h2>Travel-Time Tables<a class="headerlink" href="#travel-time-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p><cite>SeisComP</cite> ships with two sets of predefined travel-time tables which are
made available as the profiles tab and iasp91.</p>
<p>The default profile is <em>iasp91</em>.</p>
<p>LOCSAT travel time tables are located as plain ascii files under
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;DATADIR&#64;/locsat/tables/</span></code>.
The tables provide the travel times for particular seismic phases at
given depth and epicentral distance in one file per Earth model and seismic
phase. E.g. P-wave arrival times in the iasp91 model are found in
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;DATADIR&#64;/locsat/tables/iasp91.P</span></code>. You may easily add your own tables
for any available Earth model and seismic phase by adopting existing ones in new
files which are added by <a class="reference internal" href="#locsat-station-application"><span class="std std-ref">configuration</span></a> to
your <cite>SeisComP</cite> modules.</p>
<section id="limitations">
<h3>Limitations<a class="headerlink" href="#limitations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Only phases for which a travel-time table exists can be considered.</p></li>
<li><p>LOCSAT currently considers travel-time tables for phases which are hard-coded</p>
<ul>
<li><p>seismic body waves: P, Pg, Pb, Pn, Rg, pP, sP, PKP, PP, PKPab, PKPbc, PKPdf,
SKPdf, PcP,
S, Sg, Sb, Sn, Lg, SKS, SS, ScS,</p>
<p>where P and S are the direct P and S phases, respectively, at all distances
no matter the take-off angle at the source.</p>
</li>
<li><p>seismic surface waves: LQ, LR.</p></li>
<li><p>infrasound: Is, It, Iw.</p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>The maximum number of distance and depth intervals per table file is
currently 210 and 50, respectively.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Travel-time tables with larger numbers of distance or depth samples are
reported along with command-line error output (stderr). The travel-time
tables should therefore be tested, e.g., with <a class="reference internal" href="scolv.html#scolv"><span class="std std-ref">scolv</span></a> before
unsupervised application.</p></li>
<li><p>Travel times at distance and depth samples exceeding the limits are
ignored. This may lead to undesired behavior during location.</p></li>
<li><p>Phase picks observed outside the distance and depth ranges defined by
travel-time tables may lead to undesired behavior during location.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li><p>The considered minimum depth is 0 km. Elevations and depths above datum are
not natively considered. The effects of station elevation can be
<a class="reference internal" href="#locsat-station-elevation"><span class="std std-ref">corrected for empirically</span></a>.</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="station-elevations">
<span id="locsat-station-elevation"></span><h3>Station elevations<a class="headerlink" href="#station-elevations" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>LOCSAT does not natively support corrections of travel-time tables for station
elevations. At least checking the code:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sta_cor</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* FIX !!!!!!*/</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>However, the <cite>SeisComP</cite> wrapper adds this feature. It allows to define a
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.stacor</span></code> file which defines emperic corrections of observed travel times.
The corrections are provided in seconds and <strong>subtracted</strong> (not added) from
the observation time to be compatible with the NonLinLoc <span id="id2">[<a class="reference internal" href="../base/references.html#id171" title="A. Lomax. The NonLinLoc Software Guide. Manual. URL: http://alomax.free.fr/nlloc/.">52</a>]</span>
station correction definitions.</p>
<p>Each LOCSAT profile (travel time table) can have one associated station
correction file. E.g. for adding station corrections to the iasp91 tables, the
file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$SEISCOMP_ROOT/share/locsat/tables/iasp91.stacor</span></code> needs to be created.</p>
<p>A station correction table takes the form:</p>
<div class="highlight-params notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># LOCDELAY code phase numReadings delay
LOCDELAY GE.MORC P 1 -0.1
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>with</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>code</strong> (<em>string</em>) station code (after all alias evaluations)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>phase</strong> (<em>string</em>) phase type (any of the available travel time tables)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>numReadings</strong> (<em>integer</em>) number of residuals used to calculate mean residual/delay
(not used by NLLoc, included for compatibility with the format of a summary,
phase statistics file)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>delay</strong> (<em>float</em>) delay in seconds, subtracted from observed time</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The fourth column (numReadings) is ignored and just provided for compatibility
reasons with <a class="reference internal" href="global_nonlinloc.html#global-nonlinloc"><span class="std std-ref">NonLinLoc</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="application-and-setup">
<span id="locsat-station-application"></span><h2>Application and Setup<a class="headerlink" href="#application-and-setup" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>LOCSAT is the default and only locator for <a class="reference internal" href="scautoloc.html#scautoloc"><span class="std std-ref">scautoloc</span></a> with <em>iasp91</em> as the
default profile. However, LOCSAT can be used optionally in other modules such as
<a class="reference internal" href="scolv.html#scolv"><span class="std std-ref">scolv</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="screloc.html#screloc"><span class="std std-ref">screloc</span></a>.</p>
<section id="custom-travel-time-tables">
<span id="locsat-custom-ttt"></span><h3>Custom travel-time tables<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-travel-time-tables" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Generate your travel-time tables from a custom Earth model, depth and
distance intervals. Use the same format as the defaults as the <em>iasp91</em>
tables. Tools such as <span id="id3"><em>TauP</em> [<a class="reference internal" href="../base/references.html#id274" title="TauP. Toolkit for seismic travel times. URL: https://www.seis.sc.edu/taup/.">25</a>]</span> allow the generation.</p></li>
<li><p>Add your custom travel-time tables along with station corrections to
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;DATADIR&#64;/locsat/tables/</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Add your available custom LOCSAT travel-time tables in global configuration,
e.g., to the list of tables of travel-time interfaces</p>
<div class="highlight-params notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ttt.LOCSAT.tables = iasp91, tab, custom
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and to the list of locator profiles</p>
<div class="highlight-params notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>LOCSAT.profiles = iasp91, tab, custom
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and optionally to locators which make use of LOCSAT tables, e.g.,
<a class="reference internal" href="global_fixedhypocenter.html#global-fixedhypocenter"><span class="std std-ref">FixedHypocenter</span></a>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="application-with-modules">
<h3>Application with modules<a class="headerlink" href="#application-with-modules" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Additional parameters of LOCSAT may be configured in global module configuration
(<code class="xref std std-confval docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.*</span></code>).</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>The profiles for locating may be extended or limited by
<a class="reference internal" href="#confval-LOCSAT.profiles"><code class="xref std std-confval docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.profiles</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p>When using picks with time uncertainties, consider
<a class="reference internal" href="#confval-LOCSAT.usePickUncertainties"><code class="xref std std-confval docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.usePickUncertainties</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#confval-LOCSAT.defaultTimeError"><code class="xref std std-confval docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.defaultTimeError</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p>Measurements of backazimuth and slowness may be deactivated by
<code class="xref std std-confval docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.useBackazimuth</span></code> and <code class="xref std std-confval docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.useSlownewss</span></code>, respectively.
Such measurements may be obtained from array processing or from feature
extraction using <a class="reference internal" href="scautopick.html#scautopick"><span class="std std-ref">scautopick</span></a>.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>You may also configure some <cite>SeisComP</cite> modules with LOCSAT and a profile.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="scautoloc.html#scautoloc"><span class="std std-ref">scautoloc</span></a>: Configure a profile for automatic locations,</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="screloc.html#screloc"><span class="std std-ref">screloc</span></a>: Configure <em>LOCSAT</em> along with a profile for automatically
relocating.</p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="scolv.html#scolv"><span class="std std-ref">scolv</span></a>: Configure <em>LOCSAT</em> along with a profile as defaults for
interactive locations.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>When using LOCSAT in <a class="reference internal" href="scolv.html#scolv"><span class="std std-ref">scolv</span></a> you may interactively some settings. The
changes only apply during runtime.</p>
<figure class="align-center" id="id4">
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="../_images/scolv-locsat-settings.png"><img alt="../_images/scolv-locsat-settings.png" src="../_images/scolv-locsat-settings.png" style="width: 10cm;" /></a>
<figcaption>
<p><span class="caption-text">scolv Location tab with LOCSAT selected and the settings menu.</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Permalink to this image"></a></p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
</section>
<section id="module-configuration">
<span id="global-locsat-configuration"></span><h2>Module Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#module-configuration" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><strong>LOCSAT.*</strong>
<em>Locator parameters: LOCSAT</em></p>
</div>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.profiles">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.profiles</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.profiles" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">iasp91,</span> <span class="pre">tab</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>list:string</em></p>
<p>Defines a list of available LOCSAT travel-time tables.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.depthInit">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.depthInit</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.depthInit" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">20.0</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>double</em></p>
<p>Unit: <em>km</em></p>
<p>The initial depth estimate for LOCSAT.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.usePickUncertainties">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.usePickUncertainties</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.usePickUncertainties" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>boolean</em></p>
<p>Whether to use pick time untertainties for arrival deltim rather
than a fixed time error. If true then the uncertainties are
retrieved from each individual pick object. If they are not
defined then the default pick time uncertainty will be used
as fallback.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.defaultTimeError">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.defaultTimeError</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.defaultTimeError" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.0</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>double</em></p>
<p>Unit: <em>s</em></p>
<p>The default pick time uncertainty assigned to LOCSATs arrival deltim
attribute if pick uncertainties are not going to be used or
if they are absent. A time uncertainty of 0 s may result in
errors of the SVD decomposition in LOCSAT.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.usePickBackazimuth">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.usePickBackazimuth</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.usePickBackazimuth" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>boolean</em></p>
<p>Whether to forward pick backazimuth to LOCSAT or not. In an
automatic mode backazimuth measurements might be inaccurrate
and disabling their usage in LOCSAT can be controlled with
this parameter.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.usePickSlowness">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.usePickSlowness</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.usePickSlowness" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>boolean</em></p>
<p>Whether to forward pick horizontal slowness to LOCSAT or not.
In an automatic mode slowness measurements might be
inaccurrate and disabling their usage in LOCSAT can be
controlled with this parameter.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.degreesOfFreedom">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.degreesOfFreedom</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.degreesOfFreedom" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">9999</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>int</em></p>
<p>Number of degrees of freedom.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.confLevel">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.confLevel</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.confLevel" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.9</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>double</em></p>
<p>Confidence level between 0.5 and 1.0.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="std confval">
<dt class="sig sig-object std" id="confval-LOCSAT.enableConfidenceEllipsoid">
<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">LOCSAT.enableConfidenceEllipsoid</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#confval-LOCSAT.enableConfidenceEllipsoid" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code></p>
<p>Type: <em>boolean</em></p>
<p>Compute the confidence ellipsoid from covariance matrix in 3D.</p>
</dd></dl>
</section>
</section>
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<h3><a href="../index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">LOCSAT</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#description">Description</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#locator-interface">Locator Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#travel-time-interface">Travel-Time Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#travel-time-tables">Travel-Time Tables</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limitations">Limitations</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#station-elevations">Station elevations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#application-and-setup">Application and Setup</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-travel-time-tables">Custom travel-time tables</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#application-with-modules">Application with modules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-configuration">Module Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
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